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Harry Toulmin (sometimes called Henry Toulmin) (April 7, 1766 – November 11, 1823) was a Unitarian minister and politician. The son of noted Dissenting minister Joshua Toulmin, Toulmin fled his native England for the United States after he and his followers were persecuted for their beliefs. He arrived in Virginia in 1793, and aided by recommendations from Thomas Jefferson and James Monroe, he was chosen president of Transylvania Seminary (now Transylvania University) in Lexington, Kentucky. His Unitarian views, however, offended many of the orthodox Presbyterian members of Transylvania's board of regents, and Toulmin resigned after two years. Shortly after his resignation, Toulmin was appointed Secretary of State of Kentucky by Governor James Garrard. He influenced Garrard – a Baptist minister – to adopt some doctrines of Socinianism, for which he was expelled from the local Baptist association, ending his ministry. As Secretary of State, Toulmin endorsed the Kentucky Resolutions and revised the state's code of laws in conjunction with Attorney General James Blair. After the expiration of his term as Secretary of State in 1804, Thomas Jefferson appointed him Superior Court Judge for the Tombigbee District of the Mississippi Territory. He was the first U.S. district judge to hold court on Alabama soil. As the highest-ranking authority in the large territory, he tried to prevent residents in his jurisdiction from conducting raids against the Spanish in West Florida and from participating in the Creek War between two rival factions of Creek Indians. When the state of Alabama was formed from part of Toulmin's district, he helped write the new state's constitution and was elected to the state legislature. Again, he was asked to compile a digest of the region's laws, which he completed in 1823. Toulmin died in Washington County, Alabama on November 11, 1823. Because of his work compiling the laws of several states, later historians called him the "frontier Justinian". His grandson, Harry Theophilus Toulmin was appointed district judge for the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Alabama by President Grover Cleveland in 1886. In 2005, Toulmin was inducted into the Alabama Lawyer's Hall of Fame, and in December 2009 he was honored with the installation of a plaque in front of the Baldwin County, Alabama, courthouse. ==Early life and family== Toulmin was born April 7, 1766, in Taunton, Somersetshire, England.〔"Secretary of State Harry Toulmin". Kentucky Secretary of State〕 His parents were Joshua Toulmin, a noted Dissenting minister, and his wife Jane (Smith) Toulmin.〔 He received little formal education, but frequently read books in his mother's bookstore and benefited from listening to conversations between his father and other noted ministers such as Joseph Priestley and Theophilus Lindsey.〔Pruitt, "Harry Toulmin"〕〔Keyes, "Harry Toulmin"〕 After attending Hoxton Academy and studying under Thomas Barnes and William Hawes, he followed his father into the ministry in 1786.〔〔 During his ministry in England, Toulmin served two Dissenting congregations in Lancashire.〔 From 1786 to 1788, he was pastor of a church in Monton, and from 1787 to 1793, he served another congregation at Chowbent Chapel in Atherton.〔 He soon had nearly 1,000 followers,〔 Many of his followers supported the French Revolution, attracting the attention of anti-dissenting partisans in England.〔 A group of these partisans once took advantage of Toulmin's absence to threaten his house, necessitating his swift return to protect his family.〔 Upon arriving, he was able to break up the mob via diplomacy alone.〔 About 1787, Toulmin married Ann Tremlett.〔 The couple had nine children, five of whom survived infancy.〔 In 1808, one of these children, Lucinda Jane, married Colonel Daniel Garrard, the son of James Garrard, the second governor of Kentucky.〔Des Cognets, p. 60〕 After the death of Toulmin's first wife, he married Martha Johnson in 1812.〔 They had one child together.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Harry Toulmin (Unitarian minister)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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